Death Valley in U.S.A.
By Milada Broukal & Janet Milhomme
There are four Death Valleys in the world, and they are separately located in Russia, Italy, Indonisia and USA.The most remarkable one crosses the mountainous border between California and Nevada. Indians call it scorching land. Its highest temperature was up to 134 degrees Fahrenheit, which is the highest ever recorded in the Western Hemispere, and that was measured in the shade! Death Valley in California has 225 kilometers long and its width varys from 6 to 26 kilometers, it covers nearly 3,000 square miles. Approximately 555 square miles are below the surface of the sea. One point is 282 feet below sea level ------- the lowest point in the Western Hemispere. In Death Valley, pioneers and explorers faced death from thirst and the searing heat. Yet despite its absolute terrified name and bad reputation, Death Valley is not just an empty wilderness of sand and rock. It is a place of spectacular scenic beauty and common home to plants, animals, and even humans.
In 1849 a small gold mine group of pioneers intruded Death Valley because they lost their way. They struggled for three months to get aross the rough land and suffered great hardships and almost all of them to destruction as they and their wagons traveled slowly aross the salt flats in the baking sun. They ran out of food and had to eat the oxen and leave their possessions behind. They ran out of water and became so thirsty they could not swallow the meat. They found a lake and fell on their knees, only to discover it was heavily salted. Finally, weak and reduced to almost skeletons, they came upon a spring of fresh water and their lives were saved. When they finally reached the mountains on the other side, they slowly climbed up the rocky slopes. One of them lookeed back and said:“Goodbye, Death Valley.” That has been its name ever since. Those survivors died without rhyme or reason afterward,then lots of successors died there mysteriously one after another, which has not found out yet their causes of death.
Death Valley is the driest place in North America. Yet far from being dead, it is alive with plants and animals. They have adapted to this harsh region. In the salt flats on the valley floor, there are no plants to be seen. But near the edge, there are grasses. Farther away, there are some small bushes and cactus. On higher ground there are shrubs and shrub-like trees. Finally, high on the mountainside, there are pine trees.
What is not visible are the seeds lodged in soil, waiting for rain. When it does come, a brilliant display of flowers carpets the once barren flatlands. Even the cactus blossome. It is the most common of all desert plants. As the water dries up and the hot summer nears, the flowers die. But first they produce seeds that will wait for the rains of another year.
At noon on a summer day, Death Valley looks truly devoid of wildlife. But in reality, there are 55 species of mammals, 32 kinds of birds, 36 kinds of reptiles, and 3 kinds of amphibians.
During the day many seek shelter underrocks and in burrows. As night approaches, however, the land cools. The desert becomes a center of animal activity. Owls hunt for mice. Bats gather insects as they fly. The little kit fox is out looking for food, accompanied by snakes, hawks, coyotes,and bobcats.Many of those animals,like the desert plants, have adapted to the dry desert. They use water very efficiently. They can often survive on water supplies that would leave similar animals elsewhere drying of thirst.
Humans have also learned how to survive in this land.Little is kow about the first people, the Lake Mohave people, except that they hunted there as long as 9,000 years ago. From 5,000 to 2,000 years ago, the Mesquite Flat people inhabited the region. Then the Saratoga people came. Finally, about 1,000 years ago, the earliest of the Shoshone natives moved in. To this day, a few Shoshone families live the winter months in the desert.
The natives hnew where every hidden spring was. They also knew the habits of the desert animals, which they hunted. The natives, and later even the prospectors, ate evey imaginable
desert animal. They are everything from the bighorn sheep to snakes, rats, and lizards. Thay were often on the edge of starvation. In autumn they gathered nuts from the pine trees. Other foods they ate included roots, cactus plants, leaves, and sometimes insects.
Being set off the vast deserts stretching to the horizon, rocks’ colors alter according to the sunshine, look singular and intriguing, which have been called “the palette of artists”. Divergent elements of the rocks reflect different colors , what’s worse, these rocks are noxious and harmful to people who touch them frequently.The early prospectors didn’t know the desert as well as the natives. Many died looking for gold and silver in Death Valley. Others did find the precious metals. Then a “boomtown” was born. First it consisted of miners living in tents. Then permanent buildings were built. But when the mine failed, the town that built up around it did too. Today the remains of these “ghost towns” are scattered about Death Valley. They have names like Skidoo, Panamint City, Chloride City, and Greenwater.
Going to Death Valley once meant danger, hardship, and even death. Today, visitors can drive there in air-conditioned comfort. They can stay in hotels. They don’t have to worry about drying of hanger or thirst. They can look upon the hills, canyons, and cactus with appreciation rather than fear. They can admire the beauty of this strange land. They can leave with happy memories.
Notes:
four Death Valleys:
世界四大死亡谷指的是:除本文中美国 “死亡谷”之外,还有俄罗斯堪察加半岛克罗诺基山区的“死亡谷”,这个“死亡谷”已吞噬过30条人命。有的人认为,“杀人祸首”是积聚在凹陷深坑中的硫化氢和二氧化碳气体;还有人说,致命的原因可能是烈性毒剂氢氰酸和它的衍生物。可是,住在距离“死亡谷”仅仅一箭之地,而且没有山岳和森林阻隔的村舍农民,却世代平安无恙; 意大利的那不勒斯的瓦维尔诺湖附近,也有一处 “死亡谷”,只危害飞禽走兽,对人的生命却没有威胁, 意大利人又称它“动物的墓场”; 印尼爪哇岛上有个更为奇异的“死亡谷”。在谷中共分布有6个庞大的山洞,对人类和动物的生命有很大的威胁。如人或动物靠近洞口6~7米远,就会被一种神奇的吸引力吸入洞内,再难逃出。所以山洞里至今已堆满了狮子、老虎、野猪、鹿以及人类的残骸尸骨。
Scorching:烧焦的。
Shade:阴凉处。注意shadow:阴影,影子。
Sear:烧烤,使枯萎。
Reputation:名声,名气。
wilderness :荒地。
spectacular :壮观的。
Intrude:闯入,侵入。
Destruction:毁灭,破坏。
Wagon:四轮货车,马车。
baking :烘烤的。
Possession:所有物,财产。
only to do:作状语,表示与预料相反的结果。
例如:
Before a Chinese earthquake in 1975, snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air.
(在1975年中国的一次地震前,蛇从冬眠中很早苏醒过来,不料却冻死在寒风里。)
Skeleton:骨骼,骨架。
Successors:后来者,接班人。
Harsh:严酷的,严厉的。
pine :松树。
Visible:看得见的。
Lodge:埋入,嵌入,提出(抗议)。
Barren:贫瘠的,不毛的。
Mammal:哺乳动物。
Reptile:爬行动物。
Amphibian:两栖动物。
Burrow:兔子等的地洞。
Coyote:郊狼,丛林狼,生活在北美西部。
Bobcat:山猫类动物。
Inhabit:居住于。
Prospector:勘探者,探矿者。
Lizard:蜥蜴。
Starvation:饿死。
stretch to the horizon:一望无际。
Intriguing:引人入胜的。
Palette:调色板。
Divergent:各式各样的。
Noxious:有害的,有毒的。正式语。
Boomtown:也作Boom town,新兴城市。
Permanent:永久的,永恒的。
Ghost:鬼魂,幽灵。
Scatter about :散布,撒播。
canyon:峡谷。
appreciation :欣赏。 (接下页)