比喻就是根据类似联想,选取乙事物(喻体)的某些特征,来描绘甲事物(本体)。比喻的主要功能是造成语言的形象性,要使比喻体现幽默感,就得通过比喻使崇高鄙俗化。
Einstein's Wastepaper Basket (爱因斯坦的废纸篓)
Einstein just had arrive at his office in Princeton University , someone queried(问问题) him what tools and implements(器具,家具) he would need. Einstein said:" In my opinion, a desk, a chair, some paper and pencils will do. Oh, in addition to a big wastepaper basket."
" Why do you want a big one?"
" I will throw all mistakes into it."
爱因斯坦刚到普林斯顿大学他的办公室,有人问他需要什么用具。爱因斯坦说:“我看,一张书桌,一把椅子和一些纸张铅笔就行了。啊,对了,还要一个大废纸篓。”
“为什么要大的?”
“好让我把所有的错误都扔进去。”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
implements:器具,家具,尤指农具或园艺工具。
Instrument:工具,侧重精密仪器。
Utensil:器皿,主要指厨房用具。
Tool:常用词。
Conan Doyle Returns Manuscript(柯南道尔退稿)
An editor received a letter from a freelance(=self-employer:自由投稿人), it read as follows:" Sir, you sent back my novel contribution last Sunday, but you did not finish reading it because I intentionally glued several pages together and my contribution you returned was still pasted together. It thus proved you has been deluding(欺骗) the contributors, and you are a cultural swindler(骗子)."
The editor wrote in reply :" There is a fried egg in the case of your breakfast . Assuming you have already known the egg had gone bad, it is unnecessary to eat it up." The very person was the coming author of the Stories of Sherlock Holmes — Arthur Conan Doyle.
一个编辑收到一封自由撰稿人的来信,信中说:“先生,星期天你退回了我的一篇小说,可你根本就没有读完。因为我故意几页稿子粘在一起,你退给我时它们仍粘在一起。由此可见,你一直在糊弄作者,你是个文化骗子。”
编辑回信说:“早餐时,有一份煎鸡蛋,如果知道它已经坏了,大可不必把它吃完。”此人就是后来《福尔摩斯探案》的作者阿瑟••柯南道尔。
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
delude:侧重隐瞒事实真相,使人失误;mislead:误导,可与delude换用。
dupe:利用对方的轻信来哄骗;hoax, 可与dupe换用,受害时间短。
deceive:篡改事实去蒙骗。
hoodwink:蒙混,迷惑。
trick:侧重用阴谋诡计。
swindle:用复杂的计谋诓骗、诈取。
defraud:用简单计谋快速骗取财物。
Studying Bismarck (评价俾斯麦)
Someone objected to a monograph (专著) by a scholar who studied Bismarck :" Since you have not seen any prime minister at all, how can you be entitled to find fault with the diplomacy career of Bismarck?" The scholar said:" You suffered the infantile disorder (幼稚病)of the empiricism(经验主义). Although I have never laid eggs, I know better the flavor of egg-roll than the hens ."
有人对研究俾斯麦的学者的专著不以为然:“你根本就没见过宰相,怎么有资格对俾斯麦的外交生涯评头品足?” 学者说:“你犯了经验主义的幼稚病。我虽不曾产过鸡蛋,但蛋卷味道如何,我可比母鸡还清楚。”
迷你小贴士——词根突破
empiricism(经验主义) =empiric(凭经验行医的大夫)+ism(主义) →empiricism
imperialism(帝国主义)= imperial(帝国的)+ism(主义)→ imperialism
Lu-wenfu : On Sex Literature(陆文夫性文学观)
At the 48th annual meeting of New York international writer’s convention, an alien(=foreign) friend asked Lu-wenfu, a Chinese writer, what his view on the sex literature was.
Lu-wenfu said:" When western friends accept a box of gifts, they usually open the box to appreciate ; Just the opposite(恰恰相反), the Chinese generally don’t open the box until the guest leaves."
在纽约国际笔会第48届年会上,有外国人问中国作家陆文夫对性文学是怎么看的。陆文夫答道:“西方朋友接受一盒礼品时,往往当着别人的面就打开来看。而中国人恰恰相反,一般都要等客人离开以后才打开盒子。”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
Alien:外国的,异己的。
An alien property(外国人的财产)
exotic:异国情调的
an exotic atmosphere (异国情调)
heretical:异端邪说的。
heretical beliefs(异端邪说)
Fruit Stall (水果摊)
At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class:" Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me to sit at the first row?"
My original teacher smiled to say:" Such was the thing. I ever was a fruiterer(水果贩子) , liking
putting the big and choice (上等的)fruits in the front of the stall(摊位,售货亭)."
在纪念大学毕业20周年聚会时,我忽然问起原来的班主任:“我个子又不矮,怎么把我安排在了第一排呢?”
老班主任笑了笑,说:“是这样,我曾经是摆水果摊的,喜欢将又大又好看的水果放在前面。”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
choice :上等的,小心选择的。
select:精选的,苛刻的。
prime:优质的,首要的。
excellent:特优的,极好的。
First-class:头等的,一流的。口语,英式。
First-rate:第一流的,最佳的。俗语,美式。
A Fur Coat (皮袄)
As a hunter was about to shoot at a great bear, the bear spoke:" Why do you kill me?"
" I want to wear a fur coat ." The great bear pounced on the hunter, biting at his neck saying:" I have been starving(挨饿,饿死) for several days, so you will put on the fur coat in a short while ."
猎人正要对一只大熊射击,熊说话了:“你为什么杀我?”“我想穿皮袄。” 大熊猛扑过去,咬住猎人的脖子说:“我饿了几天了,一会儿你就穿上皮袄了。”
迷你小贴士——词汇辨析
starve:动词。挨饿,饿死。
famine:名词。饥荒。
hungry:常用形容词。饿的。 go hungry
Angel (天使)
The son asked his mother:" What is angel?" Mother said:" The person who has wings can fly in the sky."" Father said to our housemaid, ‘ you are really my angel'. But she can't fly at all !" Mother said:" I force her into flying out of sight today?"
儿子问妈妈:“天使是什么?”妈妈说:“长着翅膀,能在天上飞的人。”“爸爸对女仆说,‘你真是我的天使’。可她并不会飞呀?”妈妈说:“我今天就叫她给我飞走!”
迷你小贴士——结构并联
“force somebody into doing something ”结构
可用于这种接动名词结构的动词有:
frighten(吓唬), talk(说服),trick(用计骗取),persuade(劝说),shock(使人震惊)等
Woman , Fish (女人•鱼)
The single woman belongs to a fresh fish; the married woman belongs to a salty fish; the divorcee(法语:离婚的女人) belongs to a squid(鱿鱼), and the spinster(老处女) belongs to a turtle.
未婚的女人是鲜鱼,已婚的女人是咸鱼,离婚的女人是鱿鱼,独身的女人是甲鱼。(全文完)(编辑:赵露)
(本文作者艾临,英语副教授。出版《每天幽它一默》(译著)、《英语新大陆》两部,在《中国日报》《英语沙龙》《中国成人教育》、《英语周报》、《英语辅导报》等发表论文多篇。研究方向是词汇与幽默翻译; 喜欢诗歌、旅游、历史与国际关系,发表诗作、游记、国际观察等数百首/篇)