迷你小贴士——词根突破
somniloquy= somn-（睡眠）+i+loqu（说）+y→somniloquy(梦话)
somnambulate= somn-（睡眠）+ambul（行走）+ate→somnambulate(梦游)
insomnia (失眠症)= in-(不，无)+somn-（睡眠）+ia（状态）→insomnia (失眠症)
Misconstrue (误会)
A lady went to a clinic for her gynecological disease, and the gynecologist（妇科医生）was a handsome young man. He asked:" What’s wrong?" "I ailed(有病痛) in the lower part of the body."" Take off your clothes, please.” That lady was unusually titillated(使兴奋), wiggling（扭动） to say:" You take off yours first."
一妇女去一家诊所看妇科病，接诊的是一位英俊的小生。问：“怎么不好？”“下身不适。”“脱下衣服看看？”那女人兴奋异常，扭捏着说：“那你先脱。”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
wiggle：（使某物）扭动，摆动，摇动。多用于口语。
Stop wiggling and sit still.
wriggle：（使某物）扭动，蠕动，蜿蜒前进。
I can’t brush your hair if you keep wriggling all the time.
writhe：扭动，动作较慢，不由自已，多指痛苦时的挣扎。
The patient was writhing on the bed in agony.
Notice （通知）
A relation-friendly unit presented certain Taxation Bureau some admission tickets of the tropical flower exhibition as a gift. That day just the regular time the officers and workers took showers. Hence, a true notice as follows came up on the blackboard:
AM: Men comrades take a shower, women comrades go to appreciate flowers.
PM: Women comrades take a shower, men comrades go to appreciate flowers.
一家友好单位给某税务局送来了热带花卉展的门票，那一天正赶上职工例行洗澡。于是，黑板上出现了如下一则真实的通知：
上午：男同志洗澡，女同志赏花
下午：女同志洗澡，男同志赏花
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
Women comrades (以man, woman组成的复合名词的复数，前后都得复数)
Preserve Self-purity （洁身自爱）
Wife Lynch employed a worker to paint her bedroom, and her husband came back in the evening. Not knowing emulsion (乳胶) was wet, whereupon he left an impression of the hand on the wall when he switched on the light. Next day, the painter came here to continue to paint. Lynch said to him: “ Come to my chamber(卧室) , I show you the place my husband touched last night." The words keyed the painter up (使某人紧张) at a blow:" No, lady! My ways of life are to preserve purity and self-respect."
妻子林奇叫人把卧室粉刷一新，晚上丈夫回来，不知乳胶未干，开灯时在墙上留下了手印。次日，粉刷工来继续干活，林奇对他说：“你来卧室一下，我让你看看昨晚我丈夫摸过的地方。”粉刷工一下子紧张起来：“别，太太！我的处世之道可是洁身自爱。”
迷你小贴士——词形辨析
“摇椅法”记单词：
preserve ：保存，保藏，保护。
reserve ：保存，储备，预定，预约。
serve ：服务，招待。
conserve ：保存，保藏，保养。
Whose Work? （谁的工作？）
When Chernenko accompanied his wife to a theme（主题） park at Saint Valentine’s Day(情人节), a glamorous(迷人的，有魅力的) girl gives greetings to him. After a while, his wife asks: “ What relations do you belong to?”
Chernenko says:" We are just in the working relation ."The wife pursues relentlessly（不懈，不屈不挠）, asking again:" Whose work, yours or hers?"
情人节契尔粘科陪妻子去逛一个主题公园，一个妩媚女郎向他打了招呼。过一会儿，妻子问：“你们是什么关系？”
契尔粘科说：“我们只是工作上的关系。”妻子穷追不舍，又问：“谁的工作，你的还是她的？”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
relentlessly：不停地，不懈地，不屈不挠。
ceaselessly：不停地，不断地。
2。闪避，指避开问题的锋芒，用大或抽象的概念，去回答具体的问题，貌似答了，其实没答。
Who Is Best（谁最优秀）
The reporter asked Bury to Maradona’s face:" Who is the singular（独一无二的）player in your opinion?"
Bury replied with a smile:" His mother thinks he is the best player, while my mother thinks I am the most excellent player."
记者当着马拉多纳的面问贝利：“你认为你们两个谁最优秀？”
贝利笑了笑说：“他妈妈认为他最优秀，我妈妈认为我最优秀。
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
Singular：非凡的，独一无二的。
Unparalleled：无双的，空前的。
Unique：独一无二的，仅有的 。
Voice Support（声援）
When it came to the general cleaning at weekend, the Economic Department completed their zone quickly because of enough hands, whereas（而，却） the Philosophy Department just half done owing to fewer comers .The director of the Philosophy Department said to the Economic Department:" You ought to give us a hand in esprit de corps(法语：团队精神，集体荣誉感) ."The director of the Economic Department said:" Just our voice support will do ."
周末卫生大扫除，经济系人手齐，很快打扫完了。哲学系来的人少，才干了一半。哲学系的主任对经济系的人说：“你们也不发扬发扬风格，来帮帮我们。”经济系的主任说：“我们光声援就行。”
迷你小贴士——音形辨析
corps ：n.军，军团，队。
Corpse ps ：n.尸体，死尸。
Characteristics （特征）
Hilary’s husband had disappeared for many days. the policemen came to ask about her husband’s characteristics（=feature）, because they found a male corpse（尸体） beside aa old parasol tree（梧桐树）, and suspected it was her husband . The woman instantly looked pensive( 忧虑的,沉思的) when she heard the news, said:" He is troubled with stutter（口吃） and likes bungi jump(蹦极)."
希腊里的丈夫失踪多日，一天警察局的人找到了她，说是在一棵老梧桐树边，发现一具男尸，怀疑是你丈夫，
你讲一下他的特征。那女人听到这个消息神情严肃，说：“他说话好结巴，喜欢蹦极。”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
Characteristic ：特征。常常指有代表性的一个方面。
Attribute：品质，属性，特征，常常代替Characteristic。
Trait：持久而抽象的特征。
Feature：通常指外貌的特征，表示积极的方面。
Diamond Cut Diamond （强者间的对话）
I had taught a “ CLOZE” as following:
The author once traveled in the northwest of India. When returning to the tent in the evening, he discovered a tiger from among the left-hand forest, with two green eyes looking at him; in the right river there was an immense （体积巨大的） crocodile waiting to welcome him with its mouth open. The author was so horrified that he shut his eyes, a roar passing by his ears. When he opened his eyes again, that tiger jumped into the right jaws of the crocodile.
Had I explained it in detail when a student asked: "Miraculous（不可思议的）! What would he do
if the tiger had not jumped into the jaws of the crocodile ?"I replied:" Let that tiger jump again."
有这样一个填空题，说作者曾去印度西北部旅游，等晚上回到帐篷时，发现左侧的树林里有只老虎，眼睛正冲他发着绿光；而右侧的河里有只巨大的鳄鱼，正张着大嘴欢迎他。作者吓得不由得闭上了眼睛，耳边听到“嗖地一声”。当他再次睁开眼时，那老虎正好跳进了鳄鱼的嘴里。
我刚一讲解完答案，就有位同学问：“这也太玄了！万一没有跳进了鳄鱼的嘴里怎么办？”我说：“那只有再跳一次了。”
迷你小贴士——一错百年
据香港学者钱歌川的研究，成语diamond cut diamond 在文法上是错误的，动词cut应为cuts。不过英语国家的人已经习惯性地将错就错了。
在一篇Reading Comprehension 中，有下面的一句：
Some (fishes) have great jaws. With them they can swallow fish larger than themselves.
同学要我解释一下原因，就我的知识来讲，我只说“一方水土养活一方鱼”。
3．伸缩，就是不把话说死，留有余地，能进能退，伸缩自如。例如：
A director was always keeping a cap by his front door, and whenever the doorbell rang, she would put it on. If it was someone he liked to see, he would remark how lucky it was that he just come in. If it was someone he wanted to avoid, he would say how sorry he was, but he was just going out.
一个主任老是在门口备一顶帽子，要是有人按门铃，他就把帽子戴上。如来者是想见的人，他就说太巧了，他刚出门回来。如果是他不想见的人，他就说对不起，我得出门。
A boss of an optical（光的，眼的，视力的） shop in Japan instigates（煽动，唆使，怂恿；forment,煽动，挑拨离间；exhort，规劝；incite:鼓动,激励；rouse, arouse: 唤起） his son ——
As the customer picks the glasses，you tell him they cost 300000 Yen. If he does not get a fright, you tell him it’s the cost of the spectacles（= glasses，文雅语 ）frame, and the lens（透镜，镜片） still another 300000 Yen. If he can still bear, you must add that each of the lens is 300000 Yen."
参考译文：日本一眼镜店老板调教自己的儿子——
待顾客挑好眼镜后，你就说300000日圆。如他不吃惊，你就说这只是镜框钱，镜片还得300000日圆。如他还能忍受，你就再加一句：“每个镜片都是300000日圆。”
4．殊比，就是相差悬殊的事物作超乎寻常的比较，有夸张的意味，却是事实。
Covering Party Flag (盖党旗)
A Party branch secretary of a village went to the provincial capital to buy Party flags. To seize the chance for a comfort, he lived into a luxurious guesthouse. Not knowing the facilities（设备）of the room and fearing to be treated as " a bumpkin" (乡巴佬)by the others if asking , he took out Party flags and covered on his body. Next day a stewardess （女服务员，管理员）came in to tidy up （整理）the room. She got a big scare , shrieking involuntarily:" A guest died!"
一个村支书去省会买党旗，他想借此机会享受一回，就住进了一家豪华宾馆。因不懂得房间的设施，又怕问了被人笑为“土包子”，就拿出包里的党旗盖在身上。次日，女服务员进来整理房间。吓得失声尖叫：“不好了！出人命了！”
迷你小贴士——词义辨析
facilities：能够或易于做某事的设备、环境等；辅助物。
equipment：设备，装备。范围广，可指研究、工作、战争的设备，也可指衣食、车辆等装备。
device：为某种用途而制作或改进的装置、器具。
apparatus：范围窄，限于家用设备、实验仪器、体育器械等。
Installation：安装物，（军事）设施。
kit：成套的工具、装备。
例1：Writing a self-criticism is not an interesting thing.
参考译文：写检查不是一件很好玩的事情。
例2：A reporter interviewed an Argentine minister of a tiler origin:" Sir. please let me ask you what the similarities(相似之处) are between a minister and a tiler ?"
The minister answered with a smile:" Both are in a lofty(极高的，崇高的) place but keep heads from faint."
参考译文：记者采访阿根廷一个泥瓦匠出身的部长：“请问，阁下，部长和泥瓦匠之间有什么相似之处？”
部长笑答：“两者都是身在高处而头不昏。”
Hurricane （飓风）
The Geography teacher is prelecting（在大学里讲课）:" Speak from the macroscopic（宏观）, the geography of the United States is similar to that of China. E.g., during summer, hurricane often attacks the southeast coast of the United States, while typhoon often blows into the southeast coast of PRC. The destructiveness（破坏性）of hurricane blowing from Caribbean to the United States is bigger than that of typhoon from the Taiwan Straits（复数形式表示单数含义，尤用于专有名词） to Chinese mainland."" Why?" A question arises suddenly. The teacher says intentionally: "USA belongs to the sole superpower, so the speed of hurricane is supposed to be more furious than that of typhoon . Otherwise , the American people will lost their equilibrium(平衡，均势)."
地理老师在讲课：“从宏观上讲，美国地理和中国有相似的地方。如在夏季，美国的东南沿海常刮飓风，而中国的东南沿海常刮台风。从加勒比海吹向美国的飓风比从台湾海峡吹向中国的台风破坏性还要大。”“为什么？”突然有人问。老师故意说：“人家是唯一的超级大国，飓风的速度应自然要比台风大些。否则，他们的心理就会不平衡了。” （接下页）