考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 58
一、 真题文章（2000年Text 3）
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right, it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: ` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.'
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
二、 译文
当一场新的艺术运动形成某种潮流时，理应弄清其倡导者的目的所在，因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多麽牵强附会、荒诞不经，将来都有可能被视为正常。然而，就未来派诗歌而言，情况却很难说，因为无论未来派诗歌是什麽，即使承认其理论根据可能正确，我们也很难将其归为文学。
下面就简单介绍以下未来派诗人的观点：一个世纪以来，人类的生活状况被加速了，我们现在生活在一个充满喧嚣、暴力和速度的世界里。因此，我们的感觉、思想和情感也经受了相应的变化。加速了的生活需要一种新的表达方式，如果想诠释现代社会的压力，那麽我们的文学也必须加速。我们必须尽情倾吐最能表示我们感觉的词句，中间没有停顿，没有修饰性的形容词和限定动词。我们必须创造出新的词语来模拟声音，而不是描绘声音；在同一书页上，我们要使用不同字体、不同的颜色、随意加长或缩短单词。
当然，他们对战斗的描述让人难以理解。但是在一行诗的注解中读到的内容则另人有点心烦意乱，注解中说该行描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生了争斗，结果双双掉进河中——而后发现诗里有他们落水的声音和他们的体重：“扑通！扑通！185公斤。”
这首诗尽管符合未来派诗歌的要求和原则，但我们很难把它称为文学。同样，尽管任何有思想的人都无法拒绝他们的主张：我们的感情生活起了巨大的变化，因此我们的表达方式也应有所改变，但问题是：我们真的变了吗？
三、 考研核心词汇
attain / E5tein / vt. 达到, 获得 v. 达到
[例] Leo Ioacoco attained the position of President of the Ford Motors.
李.雅科卡终于当上了福特汽车公司的总裁。
[同义] accomplish, achieve, arrive, come, complete, finish
[反义] fail / feil / vi. 失败, 不及格, 忘记
vt. 使失望, 舍弃, 辜负, 不及格
n. 不及格, 不及格者
[派生] attainable / E5teinEbl / adj. 可到达的, 可得到的
attainment / E5teinmEnt / n. 达到
farfetched / 5fB:5fetFt / adj. 牵强的
[例] I cannot say how far his story is true. 我不能说他的话可靠到什么程度。
principle / 5prinsEpl / n. 法则, 原则, 原理
[例] These machines work on the same principle. 这些机器按同样的原理运转。
[同义] belief, doctrine, dogma, law, rule, standard, truth
[反义] exception / ik5sepFEn / n. 除外, 例外, 反对, 异议
[派生] principled / 5prinsEpld / adj. 原则性强的, 有(道德)原则的
[固定搭配] in principle 原则上；大致上；通常；on principle 按照原则
literature / 5litEritFE / n. 文学(作品), 文艺, 著作, 文献
[例] Literature stands related to man as science stands to nature.
文学对于人的关系正如科学对于自然的关系一样。
[派生] literate / 5litErit / n. 学者 adj. 有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的
conditionally / kEn5diFnEli / adv. 有条件地
[例] Russia is prepared to conditionally consider signing border agreements with Estonia. 俄罗斯正准备和爱沙尼亚签定有条件的边境协议。
[反义] unconditionally / 5QnkEn5diFEnEli / adv. 无条件地
[派生] conditional / kEn5diFnEl / adj. 有条件的, 引起条件反应的
violence / 5vaiElEns / n. 1猛烈, 强烈2暴力, 暴行, 强暴
[例] He slammed the door with violence. 他砰的一声猛地把门关上。
[同义] anger, force, fury, intensity, passion, rage, vehemence
[派生] violent / 5vaiElEnt / adj. 猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的
emotion / i5mEuFEn / n. 情感, 感情
[例] His voice shook with emotion. 他的声音因激动而颤抖。
[同义] excitement, feeling, sensitivity, sentiment
[派生] emotional / i5mEuFEnl / adj. 情绪的, 情感的
undergo / 7QndE5^Eu / vt. 经历, 遭受, 忍受
[例] undergo great hardship. 遭巨大的苦难
[同义] encounter, endure, experience, feel, go through, have, meet, suffer
corresponding / 7kCris5pCndiN / adj. 相应的, 通讯的
[例] All rights carry with them corresponding responsibilities.
所有的权利都带有相应的义务。
[派生] correspond / kCris5pCnd / vi. 符合, 协调, 通信, 相当, 相应
stress / stres / n. 1重压, 逼迫, 压力2重点, 着重，强调, 重音
vt. 着重, 强调, 重读
[例] "In fact, stress isn't a bad thing it is often supposed to be."
"事实上,压力并不像人们所认为的那样是一件坏事。"
[同义] accent, emphasis, force, importance, insistence, pressure, strain, tension
[派生] stressful / stresful / adj. 1. 产生压力的 2. 使紧迫的
[固定搭配] in the stress of the moment 一时紧张；lay stress on 把重点放在...上;
under the stress of 为...所迫; 为...所驱使;
unhampered / 5Qn5hAmpEd / adj. 无妨碍的，无阻碍的
[例] unhampered dissemination of news 无阻碍的发布消息
[派生] hamper / 5hAmpE / v. 妨碍, 牵制
adjective / 5AdViktiv / n. 形容词
[例] demonstrative adjective 指示形容词
[派生] adjectival / 7AdVek5taivEl / adj. 形容词的
finite / 5fainait / adj. 有限的, [数]有穷的, 限定的
[例] Human understanding is finite. 人类的理解力是有限的。
[反义] infinite / 5infinit / n. 无限的东西(如空间、时间), [数]无穷大
adj. 无限的, 无数的, 极大的
[派生] finitude / 5fainitju:d / n. 界限, 限制
upsetting / Qp5setiN / adj. 令人心烦意乱的,令人苦恼的
[例] More upsetting news are waiting for her . 更多令人苦恼的消息在等侯着她。
[派生] upset / Qp5set / vt. 1颠覆, 推翻, 扰乱2使不适, 使心烦
vi. 翻倒, 倾覆
n. 翻倒, 混乱
explanatory / iks5plAnEtEri / adj. 说明的, 解释性
[例] find sb. explanatory and reasonable 发现某人愿意解释而且又有道理
[派生] explain / iks5plein / v. 解释, 说明
explanation / 7eksplE5neiFEn / n. 解释, 解说, 说明, 辩解, 互相讲明
fulfill / ful5fil / vt. 1履行2实现, 完成(计划等)
[例] She fulfilled herself both as a qualified mother and as a successful painter.
她充分发挥了自己的才能既是一个称职的母亲又是一个成功的画家。
[同义] carry out, complete, discharge, do, execute, finish, perform, satisfy
[派生] fulfillment / ful5filmEnt / n. 履行, 实行
四、 强化练习
1. Lady Gabriella, 24, spent four years at Brown studying Spanish and English _________.
A. literal B. liable C. literature D. limitation
2. Hence, depictions of __________ among teenagers should be prohibited from movies and television programs, if only in those programs and movies promoted to young audiences.
A. violin B. violence C. testimony D. threshold
3. Unless we're experiencing some extreme_________ like rage, hatred, or disgust, we have no idea how we feel.
A. emission B. excess C. exaggeration D. emotion
4. A clown in the operating room may relax anxious children who are about to ________ surgery .
A. undergo B. underlie C. summon D. undo
5. Undertaker will entrust dealers who are responsible for building service and
transport to provide _________service for attending exhibition enterprises.
A. gorgeous B. corresponding C. superb D. fantastic
6. A pillow that plays relaxing music has been sent by the Danish army to its soldiers posted in Iraq and Kosovo to help them combat _________ and tension.
A. strict B. stream C. stress D. straight
7. Some scholars conclude that a government with ________ resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age----say 83 or so.
A. giant B. huge C. finite D. large
8. Gresham's Law has powerful __________power in the world of free-coinage bimetallism(〈经〉复本位制) that dominated the international monetary system for most of the two centuries between the 1660s and the 1870s.
A. explanatory B. compulsive C. destructive D. deteriorated
9. Like the wheat grain which will sprout and blossom only if it is nurtured with rain and sun and warm winds, I too must nurture my body and mind to_______ my dreams.
A. recommend B. suck C. transient D. fulfill
10. In order to _________ the better service, attending enterprises should fill out all kinds of forms in time in terms of requirements.
A. contemplate B. attain C. transplant D. transfer
答案：CBDAB CCADB