NBAC will ask that Clinton ' s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to work the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.

       In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning. " Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.

       NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo' s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

       NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this is-sue was still "up in the air. "

二、译文

    当苏格兰一个研究小组三个月前透露他们克隆了一只成年羊时，消息震动了世界，克林顿总统立即做出了反应，他宣称反对用这种特殊的畜牧技术克隆人，要求禁止使用联邦基金进行这样的研究——虽然还尚未有人提出这样做，他要求成立一个由普林斯顿校长哈罗德.夏皮罗领导的独立专家小组，就克隆人研究方面的国家政策问题拿出建议，在三个月内向白宫报告。这个名为“全球生物伦理道德顾问委员会”（NBAC）的小组一直在非常积极地工作，集思广益，写出建议；在5月17日的一次会议上，委员们就接近定稿的建议书达成了共识。

NBAC将要求无限期的延长克林顿总统做出的三个月内不允许政府资助克隆人的决定，并有可能将这一决定立法。但NBAC的成员会注意控制其内容的措辞，以免出现新的条令禁止克隆人类DNA和细胞的试验——这类试验在分子生物学中是常见的。然后，在一个非常重要的问题上，也就是是否建议立法将私人赞助克隆人视为犯罪这一问题上，小组的意见还未达成一致。

夏皮罗在5月17日开会讨论的建议序言草稿中表示，专家组已经取得广泛的一致意见，认为“试图利用成人细胞核克隆技术来创造人是不道德的。”夏皮罗解释说在与会期间，对伦理道德的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康带来危害的担忧。随后，该小组非正式地达成了几条一般的结论，尽管有些细节尚无定论。

NBAC打算呼吁长期禁止政府资助任何企业通过人体细胞核去克隆婴儿的行为。由于现行的联邦法律已经禁止了政府资助为研究目的制造胚胎（婴儿出生前的最初阶段）或故意危害胚胎的生命，因为在胚胎试验方面NBAC将不发表意见。

NBAC的成员还表示，他们将呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。但是在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令彻底禁止克隆人这一问题上，他们存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法，但是在电话采访中，他透露这一议题仍然“悬而未决”。

三、考研核心词汇

startle  / 5stB:tl /  v. 震惊

[例] You startled me when you shouted.   你叫喊的时候，吓了我一跳。

[同义]  alarm, electrify, frighten, shock, surprise, unnerve, upset

[派生] startling  / 5stB:tliN /  adj. 令人吃惊的

swiftly  / swiftli /  adv. 很快地, 即刻

[例] Thank you for response to our questions so swiftly.

     感谢你对我们的问题作出如此迅速的回答。

[反义]  slowly  /5slEJlI/  adv. 慢慢地, 迟缓地

[派生] swift  / swift /  n. [鸟]雨燕, (梳棉机等的)大滚筒

adj. 迅速的, 快的, 敏捷的, 立刻的

adv. 迅速地, 敏捷地

commission  / kE5miFEn /  n. 1委任, 委托, 代办(权), 代理(权)2犯(罪)3佣金

vt. 1委任, 任命, 委托, 委托制作2使服役

[例] If you are going to Hong Kong, I have two or three small commissions for you.

你如去香港， 我有两三件小事托你办。

[同义]  committee

feverishly  / 5fi:vEriFli /  adv. 兴奋地

[例] Healthcare costs rising feverishly.   医疗费用上升的非常快。

[派生] feverish  / 5fi:vEriF /  adj. 发烧的, 热病的, 狂热, 兴奋的

wisdom  / 5wizdEm /  n. 1智慧, 明智的行为, 学识2名言3贤人

[例] the wit and wisdom of the place  当地的贤才哲士

[反义]  folly  / 5fCli /  n. 愚蠢, 荒唐事, 轻松歌舞剧, 耗费巨大而又无益的事, <古>放荡

[派生] wise  / waiz /  adj.英明的, 慎虑的, 博学的, 贤明的, 狡猾的 vi. 知道 vt. 告诉, 劝导  n. 方法, 方式

ban  / bB:n /  n. 禁令  vt. 禁止, 取缔(书刊等)

[例]  Smoking is banned in school.  在学校禁止吸烟。

[同义]  bar, block, exclude, forbid, obstruct, outlaw

[反义]  approval  / E5pru:vEl /  n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准

indefinitely  / in5definitli / adv. 不确定地

[例] Nobody has the right to borrow the book indefinitely.

任何人都没有权利无限期地借阅这本书。

[反义]  definitely  / 5definitli /  adv. 明确地, 干脆地

[派生] indefinite  / in5definit /  adj. 模糊的, 不确定的, [语]不定的

restriction  / ris5trikFEn /  n. 限制, 约束

[例] The restrictions on the use of the playground are:no fighting, no damaging property.

使用这场地的条件是:不准打架, 不准损坏设施。

 [派生] restrict  / ris5trikt /  vt. 限制, 约束, 限定

restrictive  / ris5triktiv /  adj. 限制性的

molecular  / mEu5lekjulE /  adj. [化]分子的, 由分子组成的

[例]  molecular attraction  分子引力

[派生] molecule  / 5mClikju:l, 5mEu- /  n. [化]分子, 些微

crucial  / 5kru:FiEl, 5kru:FEl /  adj.  至关紧要的

[例] at the crucial moment   在关键时刻, 重要关头

[同义]  critical, decisive, important , pressing, urgent

preface / 5prefis /  n. 序文, 绪言, 前言 vi. 作序, 写前言  vt. 为...写序言, 开始

[例] He prefaced his speech with an amusing story.

他用一则有趣的故事开始了他的演说。

[同义]  introduction, preamble, preliminary

[派生] prefatorial  /9prefE`tR:rIEl/  adj.   前言的, 序文的

consensus    / kEn5sensEs /   n.   一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论

[例] The voters' consensus was that the measure should be adopted.

大多数选民的意见是采取这个措施

nuclear   / 5nju:kliE /   adj.  [核]核子的, 原子能的, 核的, 中心的

[例] nuclear family    (仅由父、母及子女组成的)核心家庭

[派生] nucleus   / 5nju:kliEs /    n.  核子

nuclei  / 5nju:kliai /   n.   nucleus 的复数形

stem   / stem /   n.  茎, 干, 词干, 茎干  v.  滋生, 阻止 vi. [美]起源, 发生

[例]  Correct decisions stem from correct judgements.

正确的决心来源于正确的判断。

[反义]  stern /stE:n/   n.  船尾, 艉, 臀部, 尾巴

[固定搭配] from stem to stern从头到尾

embryo   / 5embriEu /  n .  胚胎, 胎儿, 胚芽   adj.  胚胎的, 初期的

[例] To its founding fathers, the European [Economic] Community was the embryo of the United States of Europe?    (Economist)

“对于它的创立者，欧洲［经济］共同体就是欧洲联邦的雏形” (经济学家)

appeal  / E5pi:l / n. 1请求, 呼吁, 上诉2吸引力vi.求助, 诉请, 要求vt.控诉

[例]  The game has lost its appeal.  这种游戏已引不起人们的兴趣。

[同义]  beg, entreat, implore, plead

[派生] appealing  / E5pi:liN /  adj. 吸引人的, 哀诉似的, 恳求似的

[固定搭配] appeal to 向...呼吁[请求]；诉诸(武力)；appeal to sb. for 为...向某人呼吁[请求]

transfer  / trAns5fE:/  n. 迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, 转帐, 过户, 转让

vt. 转移, 调转, 调任, 传递, 转让, 改变

vi. 转移, 转学, 换车

[例] Can I have a transfer to a new office?   我能调换到一个新办公室去吗？

[同义]  change hands, deliver, hand over, pass

[反义] 

[派生] transferable  /trAns5f\:rEb(E)l/  adj. 可转移的, 可转换的, 可传递的

transference  / 5trAnsfErEns /  n. 移动, 转送, 转让

impose  / im5pEuz /  vt. 征税, 强加, 以...欺骗  vi. 利用, 欺骗, 施影响

[例] Don't impose yourself on people who don't want you.

不要勉强和不需要你的人在一起。

[同义]  charge, force, levy, place, put, set, tax

[反义]  free  / fri: /  adj. 自由的, 大方的, 免费的, 免税的, 丰富的, 空闲的

vt. 释放, 使自由  adv. 自由地, 免费

liberate  / 5libEreit /  v. 解放, 释放

[派生] imposition  / 7impE5ziFEn /  n. 强迫接受

[固定搭配] impose on 强加于

四、强化练习

1. The researchers were most ______ to see no difference in tissue loss between the patients taking highly-active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and those who were not.

A. rigid          B. startled       C. regenerative     D. persevering

2. For there is only one thing that people can t take away from you, and that is your _______.

A. rage          B. anger        C. perplexity       D. wisdom

3. I just spoke to Scott Valencia (between planes to our stop in Italy) and the news that the team was ______ from the rest of the World Tour and/or the Winter Event is false.

A. pleaded       B. pinched      C. propelled        D. banned

4. The smell is _________to its survival in its natural habitat because it attracts pollinating carrion beetles and flesh flies.

A. crucial        B. proof        C.  sensitive      D. imaginable

5. Unfortunately this society has too many _________ for both male and female, which often bring some inconvenience and misunderstanding, sometimes also including inequalities between male and female.

A. prosecution    B. proposals     C. restrictions     D. resources

6. At that time there was no general _________among psychologists as to what constituted a healthy environment.

A. resolution     B. consensus     C. resumption    D. restraint

7. Initially, the downloads might also _______ to those who want to try out the new product and might not necessarily be fans of the programs, which could bring these shows a new audience.

A. start         B. startle       C.  submerge     D. appeal

8. Yet, the eggs divided and grew enough to yield stem cells. This modified technique, called altered nuclear _______, has been championed by Dr. William.

A. submit       B. stumble     C. transfer         D. substract

9. US Senators Charles Schumer and Senator Lindsey Graham, cosponsors of legislation to_______ a 27.5 percent tariff on Chinese imports.

A. impose      B. retain       C. retort           D. nourish

10. The sunlight travels through the atmosphere, which reddens it by both _______ scattering (Rayleigh scattering) and aerosol(浮质,气体中的悬浮微粒,如烟,雾等) scattering.

A. nomination    B. nerve     C. molecular       D. pastime

答案：BDDAC   BDCAC